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The
Hall Effect System. Whats that all about? MOTOR: | The motor has three phases, or power supply wires (think of this as a 3-cyclinder
automobile engine.) Each of these phases fires in succession with the others, determined by the "Central Brain",
or what is called the "PWM (pulse width modulation) Controller." Inside the motor on the outer perimeter there are
many "rare earth magnets". Closer to the center of the motor are the wire coils, also wired in three phases. As
a pulse of electricity is sent to the motor from the controller the coils create a strong magnetic field, which repulses them
from the magnets and causes the motor to advance (rotate) away from the magnets.
The controller then sends another pulse
of electricity and the next phase fires, rotating the motor even further. It's helpful
to think of our automobile engine
example: 3 cylinders - each firing one after the other.There are three power (phase) wires going into the
hub motor, and five Hall Effects Sensor wires coming out of the hub motor. | | WORD OF CAUTION: | The Hall Effect Sensor wires are
thin, delicate wires that can be broken. The most common reason these wires get broken is because the nuts, which secure the
hub motor/wheel on the front forks are not sufficiently tightened. If the nuts are loose, there is a possibility that the
motor will spin within the forks, wrapping the cable into a ball, and severing the tiny Hall Effects Sensor wires. In many
cases, you cannot visually see that the Hall Effects Sensor wires are broken. When the Hall Effects Wires are severed, the
motor will not fire properly, i.e., the motor will vibrate or "chatter", in much the
same way that an automobile
engine will run badly when one of its cylinders is not firing. Many people mistake the "chattering" for a bad wheel-center
bearing, when it is really severed Hall Effects Sensor wires. | | CONTROLLER: | How does the controller determine
the speed at which the motor rotates?
The pulses of electricity sent to the hub motor are determined by the throttle,
which is mounted on the handlebars of your bicycle. The throttle is actually just a magnet passing by a "Hall Effects
Sensor." Power is supplied to the throttle from the battery. The throttle then rations a small amount of power: from
0 to 5 Volts, which it sends to the controller.
The amount of voltage sent to the controller is determined by how much
the throttle is twisted. As the throttle is twisted, "Hall Effects Sensors" read the amount of voltage, and send
this amount of voltage to the controller. 5 volts means the controller does nothing: sends no pulses to the hub motor, 0 volts
means the controller sends electrical pulses to the hub motor as fast as it can. | | BATTERIES: | | The battery pack is the power supplier
for your kit. You must look after it carefully. The batteries need to be recharged immediately after EVERY use. They hate
to be left in a discharged state, even if they are only slightly discharged. I repeat, THEY HATE TO BE LEFT IN A DISCHARGED
STATE! So, if you forget to recharge your batteries, leaving them drained for even one day, you WILL damage them and they
will soon begin to give you poor performance. |
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